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Cable Size Calculator (UK)

This cable size calculator UK tool works out the minimum cable size you need from the voltage drop, current load, cable run length and installation method, following BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations 18th Edition). Supports Twin & Earth and SWA cables.

Part of:Electrical hub
kW
V
metres

How to Use This Calculator

What This Cable Size Calculator UK Tool Does

This cable size calculator UK tool takes the electrical load, cable run length and how the cable is installed, then works out the smallest cable that safely carries the current and keeps the voltage drop within the limits set by BS 7671 (the IET Wiring Regulations 18th Edition). It is the same two-part check a qualified electrician makes: current-carrying capacity first, then voltage drop.

How to Use This Calculator

  1. Cable Type – Twin & Earth is standard domestic wiring; SWA (Steel Wire Armoured) is used for outdoor runs, outbuildings and higher-current circuits.
  2. Installation Method – How the cable is routed. Clipped direct gives the best current rating; enclosed in insulated walls needs derating.
  3. Circuit Type – Non-lighting circuits allow up to 5% voltage drop; lighting circuits are limited to 3% (BS 7671 regulation 525.1).
  4. Ambient Temperature – The expected maximum surrounding air temperature. Hotter surroundings reduce the current a cable can carry.
  5. Number of Circuits & Layout – How many cables share the route and whether they are bunched or laid side by side. More cables grouped together means more derating.
  6. Power – The load in kilowatts (kW) the circuit will carry.
  7. Voltage – Supply voltage, normally 230 V in the UK (single phase).
  8. Cable Length – The one-way distance from the consumer unit to the final point of the circuit, in metres.

Common UK Cable Sizes and Typical Uses

Cable sizeTypical current rating*Common use
1.0 mm²~11–16 ALighting circuits
1.5 mm²~14–20 ALighting, immersion heater
2.5 mm²~18–27 ARing final (socket) circuits
4.0 mm²~25–37 ACooker (small), radial sockets
6.0 mm²~32–47 AShowers, small cookers
10 mm²~43–64 ALarge cookers, 9–10 kW showers
16 mm²~57–85 ASub-mains, EV chargers

*Current rating varies with installation method, grouping and ambient temperature – always use the calculator with your own figures rather than relying on the range above.

Worked Example

A 9.5 kW electric shower on a 230 V supply draws about 41 A (9500 ÷ 230). The cable is Twin & Earth clipped direct, run 18 m from the consumer unit, ambient 30 °C, on its own. A 6 mm² cable is rated around 47 A so it passes the current check, but over 18 m its voltage drop (7.3 mV/A/m × 41 A × 18 m ≈ 5.4 V, about 2.3%) is within the 5% limit – so 6 mm² is suitable. Increase the length to 30 m and voltage drop climbs to about 9 V (3.9%), still under 5%, but a longer run or a bigger shower can push you up to 10 mm². This is exactly the trade-off the calculator resolves for you.

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Common Questions

Is this a UK cable size calculator?

Yes. This cable size calculator UK tool is based on BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations 18th Edition) and UK cable data for Twin & Earth and SWA cables, using a 230 V single-phase supply and the 3% / 5% voltage drop limits used in UK domestic and light commercial work.

What is voltage drop and why does it matter?

Voltage drop is the reduction in voltage as electricity travels along a cable. Excessive voltage drop means appliances receive less than their rated voltage, which can cause poor performance, dimming lights, or overheating. BS 7671 limits it to 3% for lighting and 5% for other circuits.

What cable do I need for a cooker or shower?

A typical 9–10 kW electric shower or cooker on a 230 V supply draws around 40–45 A, usually requiring 10 mm² Twin & Earth cable clipped direct, though the actual size depends on cable run length, installation method, and grouping.

Do I need to apply correction factors?

Yes – BS 7671 requires correction for ambient temperature above 30 °C and for cables grouped together. This calculator applies both automatically based on your inputs.

Should I use this instead of a qualified electrician?

This tool gives a useful starting estimate but electrical work in the UK must comply with Part P of the Building Regulations. Always have cable sizing verified by a qualified electrician before installation.

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Further Reading